Biomonitoring for Watershed Protection from a Multiscale Land-Use Perspective

The types and intensification of land use in the watershed affect living organisms aquatic ecosystems differently; this impact will also vary according to temporal spatial scales. Understanding these interactions is crucial design biomonitoring programs detect effect different pollutants freshwater improve management conservation strategies. Therefore, paper qualitatively reviews studies evaluate on multiple scales watersheds. organized into four sections. first section presents systems (streams, rivers, lakes, reservoirs). In second section, we describe characteristics main types. third explain how biomonitoring. Finally, fourth focus planning future prediction discuss models eDNA Our review assist decision-making regarding watersheds guide bioindicators for various diverse worldwide.